Pre-orthodontic periodontal treatment: An undeniable necessity

Mariette Rakotoson 1, *, Sylvestre Dally 2, Ndimby Nomenjanahary Andrinjakarivony 1, Tahina Ratsirarisoa 1, Florian Adèlis Andriniaina 1, Hery-Zo Rakotoharinivo 1, Olga Marie Rasoanirina 1, Simone Alson Rakoto 2 and Henri Martial Randrianarimanarivo 1

1 Department of Dento-Facial Orthopedics, Institute of Tropical Odonto-Stomatology of Madagascar, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar.
2 Department of Periodontics, Institute of Tropical Odonto-Stomatology of Madagascar, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar.
 
Review Article
Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 09(02), 150–153​
Article DOI: 10.30574/msarr.2023.9.2.0168
Publication history: 
Received on 02 November 2023; revised on 12 December 2023; accepted on 15 December 2023
 
Abstract: 
Introduction: Orthodontics and periodontics are two closely related disciplines, as they both affect the periodontium. An upstream analysis can reduce the risk of periodontal pathologies appearing or worsening. The aim of our study was to determine the risks of orthodontic forces on pathological periodontium.
Methodology: This is a systematic review of articles evaluating the need for pre-orthodontic periodontal treatment using the PRISMA method. A total of 11 recent articles were selected. The study was carried out from January to March 2023.
Results: The articles asserted a high risk of aggravation of pre-existing periodontal pathologies (54.5%). The 27.2% mentioned risks of gingivopathy, periodontitis, plaque accumulation, increased inflammation and loss of attachment. Nine percent of articles predicted a risk of increased bone dehiscence, gingival recession, alveolysis and root resorption.
Discussion: Orthodontic therapy can be considered a risk factor for the periodontium through two phenomena: difficulty in meticulous hygiene practice; and osteoclasia caused by the infectious agents responsible for periodontal disease. One study showed that orthodontic treatment can transform gingivitis into periodontitis and/or aggravate pre-existing periodontitis.
Conclusion: Periodontal treatment is essential before orthodontic treatment to optimize periodontal support and improve orthodontic therapy.
 
Keywords: 
Pathology, Periodontics; Orthodontics; Risk; Treatment
 
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Copyright information: 
Copyright © 2023 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0