Clinical features of pediatric spinal tuberculosis at tertiary general hospital

Brilliant Deva Aspada 1, *, Komang Agung Irianto Suryaningrat 2, Pudji Lestari 3 and Primadenny Ariesa Airlangga 2

1 Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3 Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
 
Research Article
Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 13(01), 050-059
Article DOI: 10.30574/msarr.2025.13.1.0224
Publication history: 
Received on 03 November 2024; revised on 21 December 2024; accepted on 24 December 2024
 
Abstract: 
Spinal Tuberculosis is a secondary tuberculosis due to hematogenous spread from the primary infection site (lungs) caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is chronic-destructive in nature which attacks the spine. Manifestations in the form of deformity can also be cosmetically disturbing and will certainly reduce the sufferer's quality of life. The diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis is difficult and it commonly presents at an advanced stage. This retrospective study was performed at tertiary general hospital to identify the demographic and presenting clinical features of pediatric Spinal Tuberculosis population. Based on demographic characteristics, it was found that majority patients were female (59.34%) and in the range of 13-18 years old (52.75%). Based on diagnostic characteristics, it was found that majority of the lesions involved the thoracic spine (72.52%), majority of Kyphotic Angle in the range of 0-40 degrees (32.97%), more patients with vertebral collapse damage levels, types of deformity changes, complications of spinal stenosis, the main complaint is back pain and usually followed by weakness in the legs, and the most common patient laboratory results are increased WBC (White Blood Cells), decreased Hgb (Hemoglobin), and increased ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate).
 
Keywords: 
Tuberculosis; Spinal Tuberculosis; Pediatric; Clinical Features; Deformity; Tertiary General Hospital
 
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